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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Mar;48(3):384–390. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000787

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Myokine gene expression in human primary myotubes from active and sedentary donors. Myotubes were treated with the pharmacologic cocktail of 30 KM palmitate, 4 KM forskolin, and 0.5 KM ionomycin (PFI) for 1 h a day for 3 d to stimulate muscle contractions. mRNA was collected across a time course after the last day of PFI treatment. A, IL-6 increased significantly in both active and sedentary donors up until 1 h after PFI treatment, with the active donors increasing above basal condition at the 8-h time point and returning to control conditions by the 24-h time point. B, Myostatin gene expression increased significantly in the active donors with PFI treatment and was maintained up to 24 h post-PFI treatment, whereas sedentary donor myotubes decreased myostatin gene expression immediately after and 30 min after PFI treatment, and again 24 h post-PFI treatment. C, Sedentary myotubes increased expression of IL-8 immediately after and 1 h after PFI treatment. Athletes decreased IL-8 expression significantly at 1 and 24 h post-PFI treatment. D, CTGF expression was significantly elevated in active donors immediately after and 15 min after PFI treatment, whereas sedentary myotubes had a decrease in expression from control levels 8 and 24 h after PFI treatment. Data represent mean T SEM of experiments performed in triplicate.