Table 1. Association of educational level and occupational level with albuminuria, reduced eGFR and CKD risk in multi-ethnic sample–The HELIUS study.

	Albuminuria (ACR > 3 mg/mmol)			eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2			High to very high CKD risk (KDIGO, 2012)
		OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
	N (%)	Model 1	Model 2	N (%)	Model 1	Model 2	N (%)	Model 1	Model 2
Educational level
Low	9,620 (6.78)	2.58 (2.16–3.09)**	2.28 (1.91–2.73)**	9,620 (1.88)	2.59 (1.85–3.60)*	1.74 (1.23–2.44)*	9,620 (7.92)	2.56 (2.17–3.01)*	2.12 (1.88–2.51)**
Middle	6,380 (4.72)	1.76 (1.44–2.14)**	1.84 (1.51–2.23)**	6,380 (0.80)	1.08 (0.72–1.63)	1.36 (0.98–2.06)	6,380 (5.23)	1.64 (1.37–1.97)*	1.76 (1.47–2.11)**
High	5,831 (2.78)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	5,831 (0.74)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	5,831 (3.25)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Occupational level
Low	8,566 (6.16)	2.39 (1.97–2.90)*	2.30 (1.90–2.79)**	8,566 (1.55)	1.95 (1.37–2.77)*	1.76 (1.23–2.51)*	8,566 (7.11)	2.32 (1.94–2.76)**	2.18 (1.83–2.61)**
Middle	4,953 (4.25)	1.69 (1.39–2.01)**	1.61(1.29–2.01)**	4,953 (1.01)	1.26 (0.83–1.90)	1.35 (0.89–2.06)	4,953 (4.99)	1.59 (1.29–1.95)**	1.59 (1.30–1.94)**
High	5,108 (2.67)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	5,108 (0.80)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	5,108 (3.20)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)

Model 1 Unadjusted

Model 2 adjusted for age and sex

Abbreviations: CI, Confidence Interval; ACR, Albumin Creatinine Ratio; eGFR, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; CKD, Chronic Kidney Disease; OR, Odds Ratio

N = number of participants.

*p<0.05

**p<0.001