Fig 1. PBE promoted osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs in vitro.
(a) The ALP staining was conducted after 3-day treatment of PBE. The mineralization potential of rBMSCs was tested by Alizarin Red S staining after 7 days of PBE treatment. (b) Alizarin red S concentrations were quantified by absorbance measurement at 570 nM. (c) The genes expression of osteogenesis-related markers was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR after treatment of PBE after osteogenic induction for 3 and 7 days. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared to the α-MEM group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, compared to the OIM group.