Rheological
analysis of PIC-DNA hydrogels with 0.9 equiv DNA cross-linker
at 30 °C in PBS, 10 × 10–3 M MgCl2, pH 7.4. (a) Time evolution of the storage modulus (G′) after addition of cross-linker DNA C (green),
LC (blue), or LC + LC′ (orange) to DNA A and DNA B functionalized
PIC polymers. (b) Strain stiffening profile of the PIC-DNA hydrogel
with cross-linker DNA C. The gel stiffness is represented as the differential
modulus K′(δσ/δγ)
as a function of stress σ. At low stress, K′ equals G0, the plateau modulus.
The nonlinear regime sets in beyond a critical stress σc, where K′ increases with applied
stress and finally ruptures at maximum stress σmax. (c) Normalized differential modulus (K′/G0) as a function of stress σ of PIC-DNA
hydrogels cross-linked with DNA C (green), LC (blue), or LC + LC′
(orange). (d) K′/G0 as a function of σ of PIC-DNA hydrogels, covalently cross-linked
with DNA AB (black) or DNA AB + C (orange).