Fenofibrate and ASO-Fsp27 promote distinct changes in ER stress pathways. Disruption of ER homeostasis can trigger the activation of three ER-associated proteins: PERK, IRE1a, and ATF6. The associated signaling cascade events ultimately promote the transcription of specific genes. Data show hepatic relative expression of selected ER stress-induced transcripts, as measured by qPCR. Data are shown as means ± SEM (n = 5). *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, compared with (ASO-ctrl, saline).