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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2017 Aug 15;45(11):2548–2562. doi: 10.1007/s10439-017-1899-0

Figure 1. Determination of mechanical stiffness by genotype and age using micropipette biomechanical testing.

Figure 1

Micropipette biomechanical characterization (MBC) of the Emilin1−/− (EM) on whole mount AVs compared to WT litter mates. A) Valve tissue regions studied by different modalities. B) Emilin1 deficiency significantly increased AV stiffness in the annulus compared to aged WT littermates and during aging of the Emilin1−/− mouse; B) Emilin1 deficiency increased stiffness in the cusp during aging, with no significant change in WT due to aging. Significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA p-value ≤ 0.03. Asterisks denote significant differences when comparing ages; Hashtags denote significant differences when comparing genotypes. AdWT- adult wild type; AgWT- aged wild type; AdEM, adult Emilin1−/−, AgEM, aged Emilin1−/−.