Table IV.
Biomarker Values at Each Study Visit
| Biomarker | Baseline | 2 week | 3 month | 6 month |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linoleic acid (%) | 13±0.6 | 6.8±0.5** | 4.5±0.7** | 4.3±0.9** |
| α-linolenic acid (%) | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.2±0.1 |
| Arachidonic acid (%) | 15±0.5 | 12±0.4** | 7.8±0.4** | 7.1±0.7** |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (%) | 0.4±0.1 | 3.9±0.3** | 6.3±0.3** | 6.9±0.6** |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (%) | 3.7±0.2 | 7.5±0.4** | 11.9±0.4** | 12.7±0.7** |
| Stigmasterol (mg/dL) | 2.8±0.5 | 2.2±0.5** | 0.4±0.1** | 0.1±0.02** |
| Sitosterol (mg/dL) | 14.2±2.3 | 11.8±2.3** | 2.9±0.9** | 0.6±0.2** |
| Campesterol (mg/dL) | 2.5±0.5 | 2.2±0.5 | 0.7±0.2** | 0.3±0.1** |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 35±2 | 32±3 ** | 30±3 | 28±2** |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 95±13 | 83±15 | 34±5** | 16±2** |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 3.7±0.6 | 3.6±0.5 | 2.8±0.5 | 2.3±0.4* |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 4.3±0.6 | 3.0±0.8* | 3.4±0.5 | 4.0±0.8 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 19±5 | 14±2 | 11±1 | 10±2 |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 1.6±0.0 | 1.0±0.2 | 1.8±0.4 | 3.8±1.5 |
| Cholic acid (μmol/L) | 0.3±0.2 | 0.4±0.4 | 0.7±0.4 | 1.4±0.9 |
| Glycocholic acid (μmol/L) | 22±6 | 16±5 | 3.2±0.6** | 1.4±0.4** |
| Taurocholic acid (μmol/L) | 9.8±1.9 | 5.6±1.6I | 1.2±0.5** | 0.2±0.1** |
| Total cholic acid (μmol/L) | 27±6 | 17±5* I | 5±1** | 2±0.8** |
| CDA (μmol/L) | 0.3±0.2 | 0.2±0.2 | 2.2±1 | 2.5±1* |
| GCDA (μmol/L) | 21±4 | 14±3 | 6.7±3.2* | 2.7±1.5* |
| TCDA (μmol/L) | 13.3±3.4 | 12.5±4.2 | 1.6±0.5** | 0.4±0.2** |
| Total CDA (μmol/L) | 29±6 | 21±6 | 10±3** | 4±2** |
Each study visit is compared to baseline.
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01.
Data are reported as mean (±SD).
I
Outlier was removed. When outlier was included, the value was 8.9±3.5 μmol/L (p=0.7) for taurocholic acid, and 20±5 μmol/L (p=0.1) for total cholic acid. CDA, chenodoxycholic acid, GCDA, glycochenodoxycholic acid, TCDA, taurochenodoxycholic acid. Data is reported as mean (±SD).