Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with MS and age sex matched (×5) clinically normal individuals from the population-based cohort.

	Control n = 120	MS n = 24‡	p†
Women (%)	70 (58)	14 (58)	1.00
Age at cognitive testing (mean ± SD)	66.13 (10.92)	66.00 (11.20)	0.57
Age at imaging (mean ± SD)	64.50 (10.2)	64.30 (10.5)	0.63
Education (year) (mean ± SD)	14.52 (2.33)	13.83 (4.10)	0.15
APOE ε4 carriers (%)	33 (29)	8 (38)	0.39
Non-MS WMH risk factors
Smoking	46 (38)	12 (52)	0.15
Hypertension	65 (54)	6 (26)	0.01
Diabetes	13 (11)	1 (4)	0.38
Dyslipidemia	82 (68)	17 (74)	0.47
Congestive heart failure	5 (4)	0	0.99
Coronary artery disease	25 (21)	3 (13)	0.37
Atrial fibrillation/flutter	6 (5)	1 (4)	0.86
Obstructive Sleep Apnea	22 (18)	3 (13)	0.48
STMS (mean ± SD)	35.48 (2.12)	34.61 (3.61)	0.10
CDR Sum of Boxes (mean ± SD)	0.07 (0.36)	0.30 (0.75)	0.07
z-Global (mean ± SD)	0.24 (0.96)	−0.05 (1.23)	0.11
z-Memory (mean ± SD)	0.25 (0.92)	−0.17 (1.19)	0.03
z-Language (mean ± SD)	0.07 (0.94)	−0.37 (1.30)	0.02
z-Attention-executive (mean ± SD)	0.22 (0.98)	0.07 (1.40)	0.33
z-Visuospatial (mean ± SD)	0.20 (0.95)	0.00 (1.10)	0.38

^†Conditional logistic model accounting for the matching

^‡One patient with MS has missing education and z-domain data. One patient with MS and MCI had z-Memory score of −1.69, z- Language score of −2.39, and z-Visuospatial score of −0.39 while z-Attention-executive score was not available. One patient with MS and dementia had z-Memory score of −3.04 while z-Language, z-Attention-executive and z-Visuospatial scores were not available. APOE = Apolipoprotein E; CDR = Clinical dementia rating; STMS = Short test of mental status score; WMH = White matter hyperintensity