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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 2.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2015 Dec 3;163(6):1428–1443. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.048

Figure 1. Microbiota activation of inflammasome signaling results in downstream induction of antimicrobial peptides.

Figure 1

(A, B) Immunoblot analysis (A) and quantification (B) of pro-caspase-1 (p45) and cleaved caspase-1 (p20) in colon tissue from germ-free and SPF mice.

(C–E) IL-18 production by colon explants from germ-free mice (C), antibiotics-treated mice (D), and during early stages of post-natal colonization (E).

(F) Differential expression between wild-type (WT) and Il18−/− mice of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) versus all other genes. Box = interquartile range (IQR) = 25th to 75th percentile, line - median, star - mean, whiskers - IQR*1.5. Mann-Whitney U-test p<0.0001.

(G–O) Expression levels of the indicated AMPs in WT and Il18−/− colonic tissue (G–I), during early stages of post-natal colonization (J), in the colon of bone marrow chimeras generated from WT and Il18−/− mice (K), in colonic explants from germ-free mice cultured with IL-18 compared to controls (L), in IL-18 injected germ-free mice compared to SPF controls (M, N), and in colonic explants cultured with or without the NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11–7085 (O).

Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001.

Pairwise comparison was performed using Student’s t test, unless stated otherwise.

Results shown are representative of 3 (panels A–D) or two (panels E–O) independent repeats (n= 3–13 per group).

See also Figure S1.