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. 2017 Sep 15;108(11):2295–2305. doi: 10.1111/cas.13379

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© 2017 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Representative microscopic images of survivin and of yes‐associated protein (YAP) immunolocalization and Hippo pathway dysregulation in human angiosarcoma. Immunoperoxidase (DAB) staining for survivin (a,b,c) and YAP (d,e,f), hematoxylin counterstaining. Representative examples (see Table 1): (a, d) case A61, (b, e) A33 and (c, f) A64. In human angiosarcoma, survivin was definitely localized in the nucleus of tumor cells (a–c). There were three patterns of YAP expression: (d) nuclear and cytoplasmic, (e) cytoplasmic localization and (f) not positive. Scale bars, 100 μm. (g) Of the YAP positive cases (72 cases of angiosarcoma and a case of pyogenic granuloma), the Hippo pathway was dysregulated (Hippo‐OFF) in over 90% of angiosarcoma cases. The Hippo pathway activation (ON) and dysregulation (OFF) were evaluated based on confined cytoplasmic YAP localization (ON) or nuclear YAP staining (OFF).