Table 1.

Recent studies of DC vaccine in HCC and PDAC treatment

Year	Tumor model	Cancer type	DC load method	Conclusion	Ref.
2013	Humanized immune reconstituted HepG2 HCC murine model	HCC	DRibbles-pulsed dendritic cell	DRibbles-pulsed DC immunization induced a specific T cell response against HCC and resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth compared to mice treated with DCs alone.	[55]
2013	Orthotopic pancreatic tumors	PDAC	Non-loaded Bone marrow-derived DC	DC vaccination followed by Gem treatment led to a significant delay in tumor growth and improved survival in pancreatic cancer-bearing mice.	[85]
2014	Subcutaneous or orthotopic pancreatic tumors	PDAC	Bone marrow-derived DC were loaded with soluble OVA protein	Gemcitabine enhances therapeutic efficacy of DC vaccination despite its negative influence on vaccine-induced T-cell proliferation.	[84]
2014	Xenograft model using immunodeficient mice	PDAC	Baculovirus (BV)-infected dendritic cells (DCs)	After treatment with BV-infected bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), human pancreatic tumors caused by AsPC-1 cells in a nude mouse model were significantly reduced in size, and the survival of the mice was improved compared with that of non-immature BMDC (iDC)- and BV-DC-immunized mice.	[87]
2016	MH134-bearing mice model	HCC	DC pulsed with a MH134 cell lysate	DC + CIK vaccination is more effective than DC or CIK alone therapy for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma cancer.	[89]
2016	Orthotopic murine HCC model	HCC	DC pulsed with a Hepa1-6 cell lysate	90 % survival rate by day 60 compared with a survival rate lower than 5 % for untreated mice.	[79]
2016	Nude mice co-injected with MHCC97 cells and Hepa 1-6 induced tumor-bearing C57/BL6 immune competent mice	HCC	SP cell lysate-pulsed DCs	DCs loaded with SP cell lysates could induce a T cell response in vivo and suppress the tumor growth.	[90]