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. 2017 Nov 1;7:14815. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13808-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Inter-strain polymorphism between closely related wSuz, wSpc and wRi Wolbachia strains. Arrows with different shades of green represent different ORFs while the blue arrows represent transposase genes. Red arrowheads correspond to terminal inverted repeats (TIRs). A–C. wRi-specific IS loci (a) IS element present at locus IS1 belonging to ISWpi1 group shows inversion between wRi and wSpc, and absence from wSuz strain, (b) and (c) Two IS elements (loci ID- IS14 and IS22) show independent insertion events between wRi and wSpc however completely absent from wSuz genome. (d) wSuz-specific IS element (locus ID- IS31) belonging to ISWpi1 group shows insertion only in wSuz from all populations producing 1292 bps long amplicon, but absent from wRi and wSpc with 398 bps amplicon size. (e) Genomic rearrangement (GR1) showing amplification in wSuz only, absent in wRi and wSpc. Lanes from left: wRi, wSpc, wSuz_ITA, wSuz_FRA, wSuz_JPN, wSuz_CHN, wSuz_USA, wSuz_CAN and STC-Wolbachia negative control. The full-length gel pictures are presented in Supplementary Figure S2.