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. 2017 Nov 1;8:1245. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01357-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The first principal component of gene expression directly corresponds to proximity to tumour. a Schematic of the relative locations of all epithelial sample extractions, with the nipple and tumour highlighted. Samples D1 and D2 were obtained along the duct, approaching the tumour. Sample O1 is an epithelial sample from a breast duct on the other side of the nipple. b Biplot of the first two principal components of the expression matrix, limited to top 10% most varied genes. This proximity-based separation between epithelial samples is observed with the biplot including all genes, but is clearest here. c Biplot for the corresponding aCGH data; with no proximity-to-tumour separation in either of the first two principal components. PC, principal component