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. 2017 Oct 8;108(11):2122–2129. doi: 10.1111/cas.13396

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© 2017 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin A (CSTA) expression in peripheral blood cells and serum CSTA concentrations in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). (a) CSTA expression was upregulated in the CD4 + T cells of nine patients with PDAC, but no differences in expression were detected in CD8⁺ T cells, CD14⁺ monocytes, CD15⁺ neutrophils, or CD19⁺ B cells, compared with seven healthy volunteers. (b) CSTA expression was upregulated in the CD4⁺ T cells of 41 patients with PDAC compared with 20 healthy volunteers. (c) Serum CSTA concentrations in 36 patients with PDAC were higher compared with those of 37 healthy volunteers. Detection sensitivity was 16/36 (44.4%), and specificity was 35/37 (94.6%). Moreover, the positive predictive value was 16/18 (88.9%) and the negative predictive value was 35/55 (63.6%).