Figure 2.

Effect of mechanical strain on tenocyte. IL-1β is expressed in response to mechanical overload. It exerts its effects in an autocrine and paracrine fashion to increase its own expression from tenocytes. It triggers different signaling pathways leading to both inflammation and subsequent repair. By binding to its receptor, IL-1β activates the PC/PKC-PLC pathway that induces NF-κB to translocate to the nucleus and increase CCL2 gene expression. CCL2 recruits monocytes to loading site and activates resident macrophages initiating an inflammatory response.