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. 2017 Oct 15;9(10):4593–4606.

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Protein expressions of signaling transduction molecules in L4-5 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) and inflammatory, apoptotic, mitochondrial-damaged and DNA damaged biomarkers inspinal dorsal horn (SDH) by day 8 after CCI procedure. A. Protein expression of phosphorylated (p)-p38 in L4-5 DRGs, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. B. Protein expression of p-JNK in L4-5 DRGs, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. C. Protein expression of p-ERK1/2 in L4-5 DRGs, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. D. Protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in SDH, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. E. Protein expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß in SDH, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. F. Protein expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in SDH, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. G. Protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in SDH, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. H. Protein expression of cleaved caspase 3 (c-Casp 3) in SDH, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. I. Protein expression of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP) in SDH, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. J. Protein expression of γ-H2AX in SDH, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. K. Protein expression of cytosolic cytochrome C (cyt-Cyt C) in SDH, * denotes statistical significance vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §, ¶), p<0.0001. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n = 8 for each group). Symbols (*, †, ‡, §, ¶) indicate significance at the 0.05 level. SC = sham control; CCI = chronic constriction injury; ECSW = extracorporeal shock wave; Mel = melatonin.