Table 2.

Results of principal component analysis.

questions	obedient	aggressive towards owner
The dog can be called back even if there are other dogs, animals or humans in its vicinity	0.907
Sometimes the dog's attention is so distracted, that it impairs its obediencea	0.856
The owner can easily end unwanted activities (e.g. by verbal inhibition)	0.765
The dog growls when being groomed, bathed or when the paws/ears are being cleaned		0.860
The dog responds threateningly/shows intimidating behaviour if being punished or disciplined		0.837
If being disturbed while resting, the dog growls or snaps		0.639
Cronbach's α coefficient	0.812	0.688
explained variation	34.30%	13.75%

^aThis question was scored inversely, that is, the dogs with higher scores were those whose obedience could not be interrupted by the dog's distracted attention.