Oral uptake of tetrasodium pyrophosphate in humans. Volunteers ingested tetrasodium pyrophosphate solutions of 43, 72, 110 mM, pH 8.0, resulting in a dose of 40 mg/kg (n = 10) or 67 mg/kg (n = 10) or 98 mg/kg (n = 9), respectively. Plasma PPi levels were determined before (0 min), and 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 min after ingestion. The insert shows the differences between the basal plasma PPi level (0 min) and that 30, 60, and 120 min after ingestion.
Oral uptake of 98 mg/kg tetrasodium pyrophosphate (n = 9) in human indicating individual differences.
Uptake from the oral cavity (n = 5), from the stomach (n = 5), and from the intestine (n = 5) of C57/BI6 mice after ligating the esophagus and applied oral delivery of 100 μl 50 mM PPi; or the pylorus followed by stomach delivery of 200 μl 50 mM PPi and then ligation of the esophagus; or injecting 200 μl 50 mM PPi into the intestine after ligation of the pylorus. In each experiment, including control (n = 7), blood was collected after 15 min and PPi concentrations were determined.
Time‐course of PPi uptake from the stomach of C57/BI6 mice upon gavage delivery of 200 μl of 50 mM PPi, n = 5–11.
Dose‐dependent PPi uptake from the stomach of C57/BI6 mice upon gavage delivery of 200 μl of PPi of concentration 0 (n = 6), 1 (n = 6), 10 (n = 7), 25 (n = 7), 50 (n = 8), and 100 (n = 6) mM. Blood was collected for PPi assay after 15 min of delivery.
Data information: Data were analyzed by two‐tailed Mann–Whitney nonparametric test. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM.
