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. 2017 Oct 9;9(11):1537–1557. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201707763

Figure 6. GM1 improves anxiety‐like and depression‐like behaviour in HD mice.

Figure 6

Mice were treated with cerebro‐spinal fluid (CSF, vehicle) or GM1 and tested between day 18–28 (YAC128 mice) or day 25–38 after the beginning of treatment.
  1. Time spent by YAC128 mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates in the various compartments of an elevated plus maze during a 5‐min‐long session. N = 15 WT CSF, 14 WT GM1, 13 YAC128 CSF, 19 YAC128 GM1.
  2. Novelty‐suppressed feeding. Latency to consume sweetened condensed milk in a novel environment is shown. N = 10 WT CSF, 8 WT GM1, 6 YAC128 CSF, 8 YAC128 GM1.
  3. Time spent in each compartment of a light–dark box by Q7/7 and Q140. Total number of entries is also shown. N = 28 Q7/7 CSF, 26 Q140 CSF, 29 Q140 GM1.
  4. Faecal boli spontaneously excreted in 30‐min‐long (YAC128 and Q140 mice) or 5‐min‐long sessions (R6/2) in an open field arena. N = 12 WT CSF, 11 WT GM1, 9 YAC128 CSF, 10 YAC128 GM1; N = 24 Q7/7 CSF, 26 Q140 CSF, 29 Q140 GM1; N = 11 WT CSF, 14 WT GM1, 7 R6/2 CSF, 6 R6/2 GM1.
  5. Forced swim test. Time spent swimming, immobile or climbing is shown for 6‐month‐old YAC128 mice and WT littermates. N = 20 WT CSF, 19 WT GM1, 19 YAC128 CSF, 14 YAC128 GM1.
  6. Nest building was scored on a five‐point scale (0–4) based on the amount of the nestlet shredded and the height and shape of the nest. N = 12 WT CSF, 12 WT GM1, 8 YAC128 CSF, 10 YAC128 GM1.
Data information: Box‐and‐whisker plots show median, maximum and minimum values. Two‐way (A, B, D, E and F) or one‐way ANOVA (C, D) followed by Bonferroni post‐test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.