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. 2017 Jul 3;36(43):6020–6029. doi: 10.1038/onc.2017.207

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Wnt signaling is induced in steatotic Pten-null livers. (a) Quantitative PCR analysis for the expression of Wnt ligands and receptors in livers of Pten-null and control mice. n=5. * Indicates significant difference from controls at P⩽0.05. (b) β-catenin staining (red) in control and Pten-null mice. β-catenin is expressed throughout the normal liver. Its levels are increased in the Pten-null livers at the hyperplastic ductal region where the progenitor cell niche is located (arrow). Blue, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Representative of three animals. (c) Immunoblotting analysis of PTEN signal and Wnt signal in livers from 12-month-old mice. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β-actin are loading controls. (d) Quantitative PCR analysis of Wnt target genes in control and Pten-null livers. n=3–5. * Indicates significant difference from controls at P⩽0.05. (e) β-galactosidase activity was detected in the periductal area (dark greenish blue staining in left panel) in the 6-month-old Pten-null liver carrying BAT-Gal reporter construct. Right panel, hemotoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining in adjacent section. Representative of three animals.