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. 2017 Oct 14;9(10):324. doi: 10.3390/toxins9100324

Table 3.

Microchips integrated various kinds of detection methods for detecting mycotoxins.

Target Analyte Detection Method Characteristic of the Microchip Real Sample LOD Reference
OTA Fluorescence detection PDMS microfluidic chip based on aqueous two-phase extraction Red wine 0.26 μg/L [22]
AFB1 Fluorescence detection Smectite-PAM nanocomposite based on strip microfluidic sensor chip Corn 6.09 μg/kg [86]
FB1 Fluorescence detection Microarray immunochip based on synthetic mimotopes Maize and wheat 11.1 μg/L [89]
OTA Fluorescence detection Microarray immunochip Cereals 3.8–100 μg/kg [90]
Coffee 7 μg/kg
Wine 38 μg/kg
DON Fluorescence detection Microarray immunochip Oats 0.2–50 μg/kg [91]
Effluent 4 μg/L
AFB1 Fluorescence detection Protein microarray immunochip Drinking water 0.01 μg/L [92]
AFM1 0.24 μg/L
DON 15.45 μg/L
OTA 15.39 μg/L
T-2 0.05 μg/L
ZEA 0.01 μg/L
AFB1 Fluorescence detection High throughput biochip based on photonic crystal microsphere (PHCM) suspension array Cereal samples 15.96 × 10−6 μg/L [93]
OTA 3.96 × 10−6 μg/L
FB1 0.011 μg/L
OTA Chemiluminescence detection Indirect competitive immunochip Green coffee 0.3 μg/L [96]
AFs, OTA, DON, FB1 Chemiluminescence detection Regenerable microarray immunochip Oat extracts / [97]
OTA Colorimetric detection Combination of an OTA-responsive hydrogel with a distance-based readout V-chip Beer 0.51 μg/L [98]
AFB1 Colorimetric detection Combination of an AFB1-responsive hydrogel with a distance-based readout V-chip Beer 0.55 μg/L [99]
AFB1 Colorimetric detection Integrated, smartphone-app-chip (SPAC) system Corn 3 μg/kg [100]
AFB1 Electrochemical detection 96-well screen-printed microarray immunochip Corn 0.03 μg/L [103]
AFM1 Electrochemical detection Gold microelectrode array immunochip Milk 0.008 μg /L [104]
CIT Electrochemical detection Microfluidic electrochemical immunochip Rice 0.1 μg/L [105]
DON Electrochemical detection Microfluidic chip coupled with gold microelectrode arrays Wheat 6.25 μg/L [106]
AF Electrochemical detection Microfluidic chip coupled with gold microelectrode arrays Foods 0.08–0.65 μg/kg [107]
ZEA Electrochemical detection Microfluidic chips coupled with magnetic bead-based immunoassay Baby foods 1 μg/kg [108]
ZEA Electrochemical detection Microfluidic chips coupled with magnetic bead-based immunoassay Infant foods 0.4 μg/L [109]
ZEA Electrochemical detection Microfluidic chips coupled with magnetic bead-based ELISA Feedstuffs 0.41 μg/L [110]
OTA Electrochemical detection Microfluidic chips coupled with magnetic bead-based ELISA Apples 50 μg/kg [111]
OTA Photo-electrochemical detection Chemiluminescence-based ELISA in microfluidic chip with integrated photodiodes Beer 0.1 μg/L [115]
Red wine 2 μg/L
OTA Photo-electrochemical detection Regenerable chemiluminescence-based immunoassay in microfluidic chip with integrated photodiodes Red wine <2 μg/L [116]
OTA, AFB1 and DON Photo-electrochemical detection Microfluidic multiplexed biosensor chip with a permanent magnet valves / / [117]
OTA Photo-electrochemical detection Aptamer-based sandwich assay in a multichannel microfluidic chip Beer 0.82 μg/L [118]
AFB1 MS Plastic microfluidic chip coupled with ESI-MS / / [119]
AFs MS Microfluidic chip-based nano LC coupled with QqQ-MS Peanut 0.004–0.008 μg/kg [121]
AFB2 SPR Microchip SPR immunochip using anti-AFB2 scFv antibody Almond 0.9 μg/L [124]
ZEA SPR Microchip SPR immunochip using anti-ZEA scFv antibody Sorghum 7.8 μg/L [125]
NIV SPR Microchip SPR immunochip using monoclonal antibody Wheat 200 μg/kg [126]
DON 100 μg/kg
T-2 and HT-2 SPR Microchip SPR immunochip using monoclonal antibody Baby food and breakfast cereal 25 μg/kg [127]
Wheat 26 μg/kg
T-2
HT-2		 SPR Microchip SPR immunochip using monoclonal antibody Wheat 31 μg/kg [128]
Breakfast cereal 47 μg/kg
Maize-based baby food 36 μg/kg
DON Wheat 12 μg/kg
Breakfast cereal 1 μg/kg
Maize-based baby food 29 μg/kg
PTL SPR Microchip SPR immunochip using polyclonal mono-specific antibodies / 15.41 μg/L [129]
DON iSPR Microchip multiplex microassay iSPR immunochip Maize 84 μg/kg [130]
Wheat 68 μg/kg
ZEA Maize 64 μg/kg
Wheat 40 μg/kg
DON iSPR Microchip nanostructured iSPR immunochip Beer 17 μg/L [131]
OTA 7 μg/L
DON iSPR Microchip benchtop SPR (Biacore) with two separates nanostructured iSPR immunochip Barley 26 μg/kg [132]
ZEA 6 μg/kg
T-2 0.6 μg/kg
OTA 3 μg/kg
FB1 2 μg/kg
AFB1 0.6 μg/kg
DON SPR-MS Coupled SPR immunochip and ambient ionization MS Beer / [133]
AFB1 iSPR AuNP-enhanced iSPR immunochip Spiked peanut 0.008 μg/L [134]
OTA 0.03 μg/L
AEN 0.015 μg/L
OTA SPR AuNP-enhanced SPR immunochip Red wine 0.068 μg/L [135]
AFM1 SPR AuNP-enhanced SPR immunochip Milk 0.018 μg/L [136]
AFB1 SPR SPR immunochip based on GBP-ProG crosslinker Buffer and corn extracts 1000 μg/L [137]
OTA SPR SPR microchip based on aptamer Wine and peanut oil 0.005 μg/L [138]
AFB1 SPR SPR microchip based on aptamer Red wine 124.91 μg/L [139]
OTA SPR Localized SPR microchip based on aptamer Ground corn samples 403 μg/L [140]
OTA SRP SPR-polarization microchip based on aptamer / 0.005 μg/L [141]
DON SPR SPR microchip based on MIP DON standard solution >1 μg/L [142]
ZEA SPR SPR microchip based on MIP Corn 0.3 μg/kg [143]
CIT SPR SPR biosensor chip based on MIP Red yeast rice 0.0017 μg/L [144]
T-2 SPR SPR microchip based on nanopatterned π-conjugated MIP / 0.47 × 10-4 μg/L [145]
OTA SERS Microfluidic chip embedded 2D SERS platform / / [147]
AFB1 SERS SERS aptasensor chip based on exonuclease-assisted recycling amplification Spiked peanuts 0.4 × 10−6 μg/L [148]
DON OWLS Immunochip based on OWLS Wheat flour / [149]
AFB1 OWLS Immunochip based on OWLS Spice paprika samples 0.35 μg/kg [150]
AFB1, OTA OWLS Immunochip based on OWLS Barley and wheat flour samples / [151]
OTA BB-MZI Si immunochip based on monolithically integrated BB-MZI Beer 2.0 μg/L [152]
AFB1, ZEA, HT-2 GMR Multiplex magnetic nanotag-based biochip / 0.05 μg/L [153]