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. 2017 Oct 13;15(10):303. doi: 10.3390/md15100303

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Structure and ionization of the guanidinium group. Saxitoxin (STX) has two guanidinium moieties and therefore two dissociation constants: pKa 8.22 for the 7,8,9 guanidinium group and 11.28 for the 1,2,3 group [12]. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) has only one guanidinium moiety, with a pKa of 8.76. These groups are protonated under physiological conditions, with a +1 charge [13].