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Analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra for pristine graphene and N-doped graphene. (a,b) C1s spectrum for pristine graphene and NG1; (c) N1s core level for NG1 (inset is the N1s spectrum for pristine graphene); (d) N content ratio and graphitic configuration ratio for NG1, NG3, and NG5.
