Table 2.

Referenced iron oxide nanoparticle human studies.

Reference	Cohort	Exposure Particulates	Size	Adverse Outcomes
[24] Andujar	21 welders, average 27 years exposure	Iron oxide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide	Unknown/not-reported	Fibrotic lesions, elevated iron load. In vitro treatment with representative nanoparticles caused increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
[4] Pelclova	14 workers in iron oxide pigment production facility, average 10 years exposure	Iron oxide (primarily α-Fe2O3)	80% measured particles less than 100 nm in diameter	Elevated oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate and urine.