Table 3.
Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Factors Associated with Increased Albuminuria in the Total Study Participants.
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate Model | Multivariate Model | Univariate Model | Multivariate Model | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age | 0.774 | 0.119 | ||||||
| 50-59 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||||||
| 60-69 | 0.782 [0.413,1.48] | 0.449 | 1.577 [0.797,3.122] | 0.191 | ||||
| 70-79 | 1.116 [0.568,2.194] | 0.750 | 2.057 [1.04,4.068] | 0.038 | ||||
| 80- | 0.985 [0.271,3.579] | 0.981 | 2.595 [1.026,6.564] | 0.044 | ||||
| BMI | 0.314 | |||||||
| < 18.5 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||||||
| 18.5≤ <23.0 | 2.344 [0.296,18.527] | 0.419 | 0.368 [0.111,1.227] | 0.103 | ||||
| 23.0≤ <25 | 1.477 [0.18,12.096] | 0.716 | 0.437 [0.129,1.482] | 0.184 | ||||
| ≥ 25 | 2.748 [0.347,21.785] | 0.338 | 0.529 [0.163,1.716] | 0.288 | ||||
| Current Smoking | 0.169 | |||||||
| (Current vs. Never) | 2.738 [0.917,8.17] | 0.071 | 0.81 [0.239,2.74] | 0.734 | ||||
| (Past vs. Never) | 2.053 [0.698,6.037] | 0.191 | 1.511 [0.426,5.365] | 0.523 | ||||
| Alcohol intake >3 Unit/d | 0.916 [ 0.446, 1.881] | 0.811 | NA* | NA* | ||||
| Physical activity | 0.944 [0.501,1.779] | 0.858 | 1.023 [0.539,1.943] | 0.944 | ||||
| Diabetes | 4.903 [2.736,8.785] | <.0001 | 4.282[2.14,8.567] | <.0001 | 1.464 [0.762,2.811] | 0.253 | ||
| Hypertension | 1.934 [1.136,3.293] | 0.015 | 0.902[0.456,1.786] | 0.767 | 2.354 [1.399,3.962] | 0.001 | ||
| Dyslipidaemia | 2.428 [1.35,4.368] | 0.003 | 1.348 [0.659,2.761] | 0.413 | 1.645 [0.971,2.789] | 0.064 | ||
| History of CVD | 2.224 [1.099,4.5] | 0.026 | 1.279 [0.545,3.004] | 0.571 | 1.04 [0.426,2.538] | 0.931 | ||
| Metabolic syndrome | 3.039 [1.771,5.217] | <.0001 | 1.211 [0.56,2.619] | 0.625 | 1.168 [0.709,1.922] | 0.542 | ||
| Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml)) | 1.022 [0.978,1.069] | 0.332 | 1.024 [0.986,1.062] | 0.220 | ||||
| Estrogen replacement | _ | _ | _ | _ | 0.564 [0.236,1.349] | 0.197 | ||
| eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m2 | 0.975 [0.959,0.992] | 0.004 | 0.987 [0.969,1.005] | 0.149 | 0.991 [0.976,1.007] | 0.272 | ||
| Skeletal muscle mass | <.0001 | 0.0006 | 0.715 | |||||
| Normal SMI | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | ||||||
| Mild LMM | 1.64 [0.897,2.997] | 0.108 | 1.464 [0.738,2.902] | 0.275 | 1.177 [0.68,2.037] | 0.561 | ||
| Severe LMM | 7.623 [3.066,18.953] | <.0001 | 7.661 [2.72,21.579] | 0.0001 | 0.832 [0.357,1.94] | 0.670 | ||
* In women, the number of subjects taking alcohol >3Unit/d was too small, that an odds ratio for the other groups cannot be calculated.