Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and management during admission
| Variable | Total | Non-MCS | IABP | ECMO | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 1,145 | 851 | 99 | 195 | - |
| Male gender | 677 (59.3) | 530 (62.5) | 59 (59.6) | 88 (45.1) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 40.2±14.8 | 39.6±15.0 | 44.8±15.6 | 40.5±13.1 | 0.004 |
| Age group (years) | 0.003 | ||||
| 18~39 | 614 (53.6) | 470 (55.2) | 45 (45.5) | 99 (50.8) | |
| 40~59 | 383 (33.4) | 276 (32.4) | 30 (30.3) | 77 (39.5) | |
| ≧60 | 148 (12.9) | 105 (12.3) | 24 (24.2) | 19 (9.7) | |
| Underlying disease | |||||
| Hypertension | 112 (9.8) | 88 (10.3) | 12 (12.1) | 12 (6.2) | 0.148 |
| Diabetes | 91 (7.9) | 68 (8.0) | 13 (13.1) | 10 (5.1) | 0.056 |
| Dyslipidemia | 35 (3.1) | 29 (3.4) | 5 (5.1) | 1 (0.5) | 0.051 |
| COPD | 40 (3.5) | 26 (3.1) | 6 (6.1) | 8 (4.1) | 0.268 |
| Examination during the admission | |||||
| Heart MRI | 51 (4.5) | 40 (4.7) | 4 (4.0) | 7 (3.6) | 0.777 |
| Cardiac biopsy | 81 (7.1) | 28 (3.3) | 8 (8.1) | 45 (23.1) | <0.001 |
| Serum virus detection | 747 (65.2) | 516 (60.6) | 65 (65.7) | 166 (85.1) | <0.001 |
| Coronary angiography | 427 (43.6) | 297 (38.1) | 60 (75.0) | 70 (58.8) | <0.001 |
| Intravenous medications during the admission | |||||
| Dobutamine | 361 (31.5) | 199 (23.4) | 57 (57.6) | 105 (53.8) | <0.001 |
| Milrinone | 34 (3.0) | 2 (0.2) | 3 (3.0) | 29 (14.9) | <0.001 |
| Dopamine | 557 (48.6) | 312 (36.7) | 73 (73.7) | 172 (88.2) | <0.001 |
| Norepinephrine | 243 (21.2) | 85 (10.0) | 39 (39.4) | 119 (61.0) | <0.001 |
| Epinephrine | 298 (26.0) | 107 (12.6) | 37 (37.4) | 154 (79.0) | <0.001 |
| High dose of steroid | 51 (4.5) | 20 (2.4) | 5 (5.1) | 26 (13.3) | <0.001 |
| IVIG | 27 (2.4) | 4 (0.5) | 2 (2.0) | 21 (10.8) | <0.001 |
| Heparin | 545 (47.6) | 291 (34.2) | 73 (73.7) | 181 (92.8) | <0.001 |
| Enoxaparin | 121 (10.6) | 97 (11.4) | 12 (12.1) | 12 (6.2) | 0.087 |
| Oral medication for maintain usage | |||||
| ACEi/ARB | 503 (43.9) | 386 (45.4) | 48 (48.5) | 69 (35.4) | 0.026 |
| Beta blocker | 375 (32.8) | 283 (33.3) | 39 (39.4) | 53 (27.2) | 0.089 |
| Digoxin | 206 (18.0) | 145 (17.0) | 24 (24.2) | 37 (19.0) | 0.195 |
| K sparing diuretics | 152 (13.3) | 97 (11.4) | 28 (28.3) | 27 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 61 (5.3) | 47 (5.5) | 8 (8.1) | 6 (3.1) | 0.173 |
| Antiplatelets | 514 (44.9) | 407 (47.8) | 50 (50.5) | 57 (29.2) | <0.001 |
ACEi/ARB: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump; IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulin; MCS: mechanical circulation support; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.