Table 3.
Long-term outcomes of the survivors from acute myocarditis
| Variable | Number of events (%) | Adjusted hazard ratio and 95% CI‡ | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-MCS (n = 780) |
IABP (n = 80) |
ECMO (n = 119) |
IABP vs. Non-MCS | ECMO vs. non-MCS | ECMO vs. IABP | |||||||
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |||||||
| Primary outcomes | ||||||||||||
| HF hospitalization* | 65 (8.3) | 5 (6.3) | 10 (8.4) | 0.58 (0.23, 1.46) | 0.248 | 0.69 (0.34, 1.40) | 0.303 | 1.18 (0.39, 3.56) | 0.767 | |||
| HF hospitalization within 3 months* | 20 (2.6) | 3 (3.8) | 2 (1.7) | 1.56 (0.48, 5.06) | 0.462 | 0.44 (0.09, 2.15) | 0.311 | 0.28 (0.05, 1.70) | 0.168 | |||
| HF hospitalization after 3 months* | 45 (5.8) | 2 (2.5) | 8 (6.7) | 0.27 (0.06, 1.20) | 0.085 | 1.18 (0.49, 2.82) | 0.716 | 4.43 (0.85, 23.19) | 0.078 | |||
| CV death | 101 (12.9) | 8 (10.0) | 26 (21.8) | 1.42 (0.90, 2.24) | 0.136 | 3.88 (2.93, 5.12) | <0.001 | 2.74 (1.70, 4.40) | <0.001 | |||
| CV death within 3 months | 32 (4.1) | 4 (5.0) | 19 (16.0) | 2.39 (1.41, 4.05) | 0.001 | 5.28 (3.79, 7.36) | <0.001 | 2.21 (1.31, 3.74) | 0.003 | |||
| CV death after 3 months | 69 (8.8) | 4 (5.0) | 7 (5.9) | 0.52 (0.19, 1.45) | 0.213 | 1.04 (0.50, 2.14) | 0.924 | 1.98 (0.60, 6.55) | 0.262 | |||
| All-cause mortality | 197 (25.3) | 12 (15.0) | 32 (26.9) | 0.53 (0.30, 0.97) | 0.038 | 1.42 (0.96, 2.10) | 0.084 | 2.65 (1.35, 5.20) | 0.005 | |||
| Mortality within 3 months | 86 (11.0) | 4 (5.0) | 22 (18.5) | 0.50 (0.18, 1.38) | 0.179 | 2.01 (1.22, 3.30) | 0.006 | 4.03 (1.37, 11.84) | 0.011 | |||
| Mortality after 3 months | 111 (14.2) | 8 (10.0) | 10 (8.4) | 0.53 (0.26, 1.11) | 0.090 | 0.87 (0.44, 1.73) | 0.690 | 1.64 (0.63, 4.26) | 0.310 | |||
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||||||
| Long-term dialysis | 10 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| VT/VF | 10 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | NA | NA | 0.24 (0.02-2.28) | 0.214 | NA | NA | |||
| Stroke | 28 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | NA | NA | 0.34 (0.04-2.66) | 0.303 | NA | NA | |||
Abbreviation: CV death: cardiovascular death; HF: heart failure, VT/VF: ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation
HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump; MCS: mechanical circulation support;