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. 2017 Sep 22;18(10):2039. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102039

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Decreased expression of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 reduces in vivo metastatic ability of breast cancer cells in the chick CAM assay. GFP-labeled MDA-MB-468 or CMFDA-labeled SUM159 cell populations were transfected with 100 pmol (MDA-MB-468) or 400 pmol (SUM159) siRNA targeted towards ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, or scrambled control using Lipofectamine to generate the following cell lines: 468CON, 468ALDH1A1^low, 468ALDH1A3^low, 159CON, 159ALDH1A1^low, 159ALDH1A3^low. After 4 days, 1 × 10⁵ (extravasation assay) or 2 × 10⁵ (micrometastasis assay) cells were injected into chicken embryos and (A) cell extravasation was observed after 24 h, or (B) micrometastatic formation was observed after 7days. Data represents the mean ± SEM normalized to control cells. * = significantly different than respective 468CON and 159CON cells (p < 0.05).