| CDK4 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 |
| RB | Retinoblastoma |
| TRKA | Tropomyosin-related kinase A |
| VEGFR2 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| 4EBP1 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 |
| RTK | Receptor tyrosine kinase |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| PDGFR | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor |
| TRAIL | TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand |