Symbol	Name	Unit
EF	Fluorescence quantum distribution	nm−1
gLED	Normalized spectral distribution of excitation LED
Iexc	Excitation light intensity	W cm−2
Isat	Excitation saturation intensity	W cm−2
l	Length	cm
lexc	Sample length in excitation direction	cm
n	Refractive index
N	Number density	cm−3
Pexc	Light excitation power	W
rpm	Rotations per minute	min−1
t	Time	s, min, or h
T	Transmission
tm	Protein melting time	h or d
texc	Time of sample excitation	s
tres	Time resolution	s
wexc	Excitation energy density	J cm−2
α	Attenuation coefficient	cm−1
αa	Absorption coefficient	cm−1
αs	Scattering coefficient	cm−1
γ	Scattering exponential factor
ϑ	Temperature	°C
ϑm	Apparent melting temperature	°C
ĸla1	Limiting fraction of excited CaRhda* converted to CaRhla1 at high excitation intensity
ĸla2	Limiting fraction of excited CaRhda* converted to CaRhla2 at high excitation intensity
λ	Wavelength	nm
λF,exc	Fluorescence excitation wavelength	nm
λF,max	Wavelength position of maximum fluorescence emission	nm
${\overline{\lambda }}_F$	Mean fluorescence wavelength	nm
ν	Frequency	Hz
$\tilde{\nu }$	Wavenumber	cm−1
$\delta {\tilde{\nu }}_{St}$	Fluorescence Stokes shift	cm−1
$\Delta {\tilde{\nu }}_F$	Fluorescence spectral half-width (FWHM)	cm−1
$\Delta {\tilde{\nu }}_{S_0-S_1}$	Absorption spectral half-width (FWHM) of S0–S1 transition	cm−1
σa	Absorption cross-section	cm2
${\overline{\sigma }}_a$	Absorption band cross-section strength	cm2
τF	Fluorescence lifetime	ps
τrad	Radiative lifetime	ns
τrec	Recovery time constant	s
Φcis	Quantum yield of trans-cis isomerization
Φd	Quantum yield of photo-degradation
ΦF	Fluorescence quantum yield
Φtrans	Quantum yield of trans back isomerization
∆nph,abs	Increment of absorbed excitation photons	cm−2
N	Increment of length-integrated number density	cm−2