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Effects of peripheral HPA on skin barrier.
| Elements | Psychological Effects | Impacts on Skin Barrier |
|---|---|---|
| ACTH | Melanin production | Enhancement |
| α-MSH | Melanin production | Enhancement |
| Strong anti-inflammatory effects | Protection | |
| β-endorphin | Enhances the epidermal turnover rate | Protection |
| Cortisol | Acute PS: anti-inflammatory effects | Protection |
| Chronic PS: Downregulation of AMPs | Compromising | |
| 11β-HSD1 | Cortisol production | Delay in wound healing |
