. 2017 Oct 14;18(10):2144. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102144

Table 1.

DNA adduct levels (dA-AAI) in human renal tissue from individuals exposed to AA.

Country	DNA Adduct Measured in	DNA Adduct Detected	DNA Adduct Level/10⁸ Nucleotides	Method Used for DNA Adduct Detection	Publication Year	Reference
Belgium	Kidney	dA-AAI	7.0–53.0 (n = 6)	TLC ^{1 32}P-postlabelling	1996, 1997	[44,62]
Belgium	Kidney	dA-AAI	0.1–16.5 (n = 38)	TLC ³²P-postlabelling	2000	[27]
Belgium	Kidney	dA-AAI	2.9–5.0 (n = 2)	TLC ³²P-postlabelling	2001	[61]
Belgium/China	Kidney	dA-AAI	1.8 (n = 1)	TLC ³²P-postlabelling	2001	[79]
UK	Kidney	dA-AAI	3.8 (n = 1)	TLC ³²P-postlabelling	2001, 2004	[48,49]
Croatia	Kidney	dA-AAI	0.56–1.71 (n = 2)	TLC ³²P-postlabelling	2002	[63]
Belgium	Kidney	dA-AAI	8.1 (n = 1)	TLC ³²P-postlabelling	2003	[80]
France	Kidney	dA-AAI	0.1–5.4 (n = 2)	TLC ³²P-postlabelling	2004	[34]
China	Kidney	dA-AAI	Detected, but not quantified	TLC ³²P-postlabelling	2005	[81]
USA	Kidney (cortex, medulla, and pelvis) Kidney (cortex)	dA-AA dA-AAI	11.0–34 (n = 1) Detected, but not quantified (n = 1)	PAGE ^{2 32}P-postlabelling Mass spectrometry	2007	[64]
Croatia	Kidney	dA-AA	8–59 (n = 4)	PAGE ³²P-postlabelling	2007	[64]
Taiwan	Kidney	dA-AA	1.4–234 (89/148 (60%))	PAGE ³²P-postlabelling	2012	[72]
Bosnia, Croatia & Serbia	Kidney	dA-AA	0.2–19.2 (47/67 (70%))	PAGE ³²P-postlabelling	2012	[65]
Romania	Kidney	dA-AAI	0.3–6.5 (n = 7)	TLC ³²P-postlabelling	2012	[30]
Belgium	Kidney Kidney	dA-AAI dA-AAI	2–22 (n = 11) Detected, but not quantified (n = 1)	TLC ³²P-postlabelling Mass spectrometry	2014	[53]
Croatia & Serbia	Kidney	dA-AAI	0.2–7.0 (n = 15)	Mass spectrometry	2014	[82]
Belgium	Kidney	dA-AAI	5 (n = 1)	TLC ³²P-postlabelling	2015	[83]
Romania	Kidney	dA-AAI	0.7–26.8 (n = 14)	Mass spectrometry	2016	[71]
Taiwan	Kidney	dA-AAI	0.3–258 (39/51 (76%))	Mass spectrometry	2016	[31]

¹ Thin-layer chromatography, ² Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.