Table 1.
Natural compounds tested for RASSF1A reactivation in cancer.
| Compound | Effect on RASSF1A | Effect on Other Genes | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| folate | no effect [70,71], increased methylation [72] | decreased methylation of RARB [70,71], BRCA1 [71] and CDH1 [70], increased MTHFR methylation [72] | methyl donor | [70,71,72] |
| methionine | decreased methylation | decreased methylation of p16 and MTHFR | methyl donor | [72] |
| vitamin B12 | decreased methylation | increased MTHFR methylation [72] | methyl donor | [71,72] |
| EGCG a | not analyzed | decreased methylation of p16, RARB, MGMT and MLH1 | inhibits DNMT b activity | [73] |
| reseveratol | decreased methylation | no effect on p16, APC and CCND2 methylation | downregulation of DNMT | [74] |
| curcumin | decreased methylation | decreased methylation of RARB [75] | downregulation of DNMT | [76] |
| genistein | no effect | increased methylation of RARB and CCND2 [77], decreased methylation of GSTP1 and EPHB2 [78] | inhibits DNMT | [77,78] |
| emodin | decreased methylation | decreased methylation of p16 and ppENK | downregulation of DNMT | [79,80] |
| peperomin E | decreased methylation | decreased methylation of p16, APC and RUNX3 | inhibits DNMT activity | [81] |
| dioscin | decreased methylation | decreased methylation of DAPK1 | antioxidant | [82] |
| mahanine | decreased methylation | not reported | inhibits DNMT activity | [83,84,85] |
| PEITC c | decreased methylation | not reported | downregulation of DNMT | [86] |
a epigalloctechin-3-gallate; b DNA methyltransferase; c phenethyl isothiocyanate.