Table 3.
Primary and secondary outcomes and estimated Group Family Nurse Partnership (gFNP) intervention effects at 12 months
| Measure | gFNP | Usual care | Unadjusted effect estimatea | Adjusted effect estimateb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Difference (95% CI) | p value | Difference (95% CI) | p value | |
| AAPI-R | N = 75 | N = 56 | ||||
| Total (/10) | 7 · 5 (0 · 1) | 7 · 5 (0 · 1) | 0 · 05 (−0 · 17, 0 · 24) | 0 · 68 | 0 · 06 (− 0 · 15, 0 · 28) | 0 · 59 |
| CARE Index | N = 57 | N = 44 | ||||
| Mother’s sensitivity (/14) | 4 · 0 (0 · 3) | 4 · 7 (0 · 4) | − 0 · 76 (− 1 · 68, 0 · 13) | 0 · 22 | − 0 · 68 (− 1 · 62, 0 · 16) | 0 · 25 |
| Infant cooperativeness (/14) | 3 · 0 (0 · 3) | 3 · 5 (0 · 3) | − 0 · 49 (− 1 · 25, 0 · 34) | 0 · 38 | − 0 · 45 (− 1 · 25, 0 · 33) | 0 · 42 |
| Depression, EPDS | N = 83 | N = 59 | ||||
| Total (/30) | 3 · 8 (0 · 5) | 4 · 1 (0 · 6) | − 0 · 07 (− 0 · 76, 0 · 62) | 0 · 85 | 0 · 05 (− 0 · 68, 0 · 77) | 0 · 90 |
| Parenting stress, PSI | N = 83 | N = 58 | N = 83 | N = 58 | ||
| Total (/180) | 73 · 4 (1 · 5) | 74 · 9 (2 · 0) | − 0 · 97 (− 3.65, 1.70) | Total (/180) | 73 · 4 (1 5) | 74 · 9 (2 · 0) |
| Parenting competence (PSOC) | N = 81 | N = 58 | ||||
| Total (/102) | 60 · 9 (0 · 4) | 60 · 7 (0 · 6) | − 0 · 12 (− 0 · 92, 0 · 67) | 0 · 76 | − 0 · 18 (− 1.03, 0 · 67) | 0 · 68 |
| Social support, MOS | N = 73 | N = 55 | ||||
| Total (/100) | 84 · 6 (2 · 2) | 84 · 5 (2 · 3) | − 0 · 59 (− 5 · 71, 4 · 53) | 0 · 82 | − 0 · 45 (− 5.45, 4 · 59) | 0 · 85 |
| Relationships, abuse | N = 75 | N = 56 | ||||
| Total (/6) | 0 · 4 (0 · 1) | 0 · 5 (0 · 1) | − 0 · 07 (− 0 · 39, 0 · 19) | 0 · 63 | − 0 · 10 (− 0 · 40, 0 · 17) | 0 · 47 |
| Smoking, alcohol, drug use | N = 75 | N = 56 | ||||
| Total (/24) | 17 (0 · 3) | 16 · 6 (0 · 3) | − 0 · 2 (− 1 · 19, 0 · 79) | 0 · 71 | − 0 · 20 (− 1 · 16, 0 · 82) | 0 · 70 |
| Breastfeeding at 6 months? | N = 70 | N = 51 | ||||
| Yes | 15 (21 · 4) | 4 (7 · 8) | 3 · 2 (0 · 99, 10 · 3) | 0 · 05 | 3 · 46 (1.02, 11.75) | 0 · 05 |
| No | 55 (78 · 6) | 47 (92 · 2) | 1 | |||
aAnalysis of covariance – adjusted for baseline where possible
bAdjusted where possible for baseline, and for site and maternal age group
Note: CI confidence interval, AAPI-2 Revised Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, PSI Parenting Stress Index, PSOC Parenting Sense of Competence, MOS Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, SE standard error