Table 1.

Japanese severity scoring system for acute pancreatitis

Scoring system
Prognostic factor score (one point for each factor)
	Base excess ≤−3 mEq/L or shock (systolic blood pressure below 80 mmHg)
	PaO2 ≤ 60 mmHg (room air) or respiratory failure (respiratory assistance needed)
	BUN ≥40 mg/dL (or creatinine ≥2.0 mg/dL) or oliguria (daily urine output <400 mL even after i.v. fluid resuscitation)
	LDH at or above twice the upper limit of normal
	Platelet count ≤100,000/mm3
	Serum calcium ≤7.5 mg/dL
	CRP ≥15 mg/dL
	Number of positive measures in SIRS criteria ≥3
	Age ≥70 years
CT grade based on contrast‐enhanced CT
Scoring	A: Extrapancreatic progression of inflammation
0	Anterior pararenal space
1	Root of mesocolon
2	Beyond lower pole of kidney
	B: Hypoenhanced lesion of the pancreas
	Pancreas divided into three segments (heads, body, and tail)
0	Localized in each segment or surrounding only the pancreas
1	Extends to two segments
2	Occupies two whole segments or more
	A + B = total score CT grade
	Total score = 0 or 1 Grade 1
	Total score = 2 Grade 2
	Total score = 3 or more Grade 3
Severe acute pancreatitis	Prognostic factor score ≥3 or CT grade ≥2

Measures within the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria include body temperature >38°C or <36°C, heart rate >90 b.p.m., respiratory rate >20 breaths/min or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood <32 torr, and white blood cell count >12,000 cells/mm³, <4,000 cells/mm³, or >10% immature (band) forms. BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PaO₂, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.