Figure 1.

Thermal focused ultrasound energy regimens for cancer immunotherapy. Left Column: Partial thermal ablation using high-intensity continuous wave focused ultrasound. Sweeping the ultrasound focus through a pre-identified fraction of the tumor volume at these high energy levels generates a zone of coagulative necrosis, which is then surrounded by a zone of transition to normal tumor tissue. Right Column: Sub-ablative tissue heating using low-intensity continuous wave ultrasound. Sweeping the ultrasound focus through the entire tumor volume at this energy level elicits hyperthermia without immediately killing tumor cells.