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. 2017 Nov 2;48:72. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0476-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Different cytokine mRNA expression in whole B. canis -stimulated canine or human DCs. Quantification of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-12p35, IFN-γ, and TNF-α (Th1-type), IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 (Th2-type), IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 (Th17-type), and IL-10 and TGF-β1 (T regulatory-type) is represented as mRNA fold-change in DCs stimulated with whole B. canis. Dose-dependent increase in the cytokine mRNA expression when canine DCs were stimulated at MOIs = 2 × 10⁻¹ to 2 × 10² (A). Cytokine mRNA expression in canine (B) and human DCs (C), when cells were stimulated with whole B. canis at a MOI = 2 × 10². The cytokine mRNA expression in non-stimulated DCs was considered as 1, as a reference for fold-change in expression (N.S.). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.