Fig. 6.

a–l Real-time PCR analysis of the expression of lineage-specific osteogenic (ALP, BMP-2), chondrogenic (SOX-9, ACAN) and adipogenic markers (PPAR-γ, LPL) in DPSCs (n = 3 donors, D1–D3) and aBMMSCs (n = 3 donors, D1–D3) after long-term expansion with three different culture media (CCM, StemMacs and StemPro). Values are mean (± SD) of three independent experiments (n = 3) in duplicate. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01) in expression of each marker with passaging for each cell type/donor and medium separately. Comparisons between cells, passages and media were performed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc tests. aBMMSC alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, ACAN aggrecan, ALP alkaline phosphatase, BMP-2 bone morphogenetic protein, CCM complete culture medium, DPSC dental pulp stem cell, LPL lipoprotein lipase, P cell passage, D donor, PPAR-γ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, SOX-9 sex-determining region Y-Box 9