Fig. 1.

Effect of treadmill exercise on spatial learning ability in radial arm maze test. Upper panel: The time in accomplishing eight successful performances. Lower panel: The number of errors made before eight successful performances. A, Young-age control group; B, young-age exercise group; C, adult-age control group; and D, adult-age exercise group. The data are represented as mean ±standard error of the mean. NS, nonsignificant. *P<0.05 between control or exercise groups. ^#P<0.05 between young or adult groups.