Table 2.

PNF abdominal muscle strengthening training program

Type	Exercise			Method	Goals
	Position	Pattern	Technique
Warm-up	Supine, side lying, prone	Stretching, range of motion	RI, HR, or CR	10 min	Prevention of injury, reduction of pain
PNF exercise	Hook lying	Bilateral asymmetrical lower extremity	RS, SR	8th–15th/3 set/30 min	Abdominal muscle facilitation and strengthening
	Supine	Flexion adduction external rotation lower extremity	RI, CI
	Supine	Bilateral asymmetrical lower extremity	RI, CI
	Supine	Extension adduction internal rotation upper extremity	RI, CI
	Supine	Bilateral symmetrical upper extremity	RI, CI
	Supine	Chopping	RI, CI
	Side lying	Flexion adduction external rotation lower extremity	RI, CI
	Side lying	Bilateral asymmetrical lower extremity	RI, CI
	Prone elbow	Neck flexion	RI, CI
	Sitting	Bilateral asymmetrical lower extremity	RI, CI
	Sitting	Chopping	RI, CI
	Sitting	Trunk flexion	RI, CI
Cool-down	Supine, side lying, prone	Stretching, range of motion	RI, HR, or CR	10 min	Prevention of injury, reduction of pain

PNF, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation; RI, rhythmic initiation; HR, hold-relax; CR, contract-relax; RS, rhythmic stabilization; SR, stabilizing reversal; CI, combination of isotonics.