Table 3.

Comparison of FEV₁, VAS, and ODI values between the experimental and control groups (n=30)

Variable	Experimental group (n=15)		Control group (n=15)		t	Between groups
	Pretest	Posttest	Pretest	Posttest		95% CI	P-value
FEV1 (L)	3.18±0.44	3.82±0.36*,†	3.20±0.58	3.23±0.62	3.19	0.21–0.97	0.00*
VAS (score)	6.60±1.12	2.40±0.54*,†	6.53±1.11	4.57±0.90*	−7.97	−2.72 to −1.61	0.00*
ODI (score)	33.27±6.76	21.27±3.37*,†	33.53±4.75	28.93±4.61*	−5.20	−10.68 to −4.65	0.00*

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

FEV₁, forced expiratory volume at 1 second; VAS, visual analog scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index.

^*Significant difference within groups (P<0.01).

^†Significant difference between groups (P<0.01).