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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 16.
Published in final edited form as: J Stat Softw. 2017 Oct 16;81:2. doi: 10.18637/jss.v081.i02

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Two alternative ways to graphically represent the same structural equation model (SEM) using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). The left figure shows the independent (latent) errors, while the right figure doesn’t.