Table 2. Lifestyle and GERD in Saudi Participants (n = 2,043).
| Risk factors and life style | GERD |
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative |
Positive |
||||
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Type of drinks | 0.000†† | ||||
| Tea | 467 | 66.6% | 234 | 33.4% | |
| Soft drinks | 257 | 67.8% | 122 | 32.2% | |
| Peppermint | 67 | 69.8% | 29 | 30.2% | |
| Coffee | 525 | 75.8% | 168 | 24.2% | |
| Citrus juice | 140 | 80.5% | 34 | 19.5% | |
| No. of meals/day | 0.497 | ||||
| > 3 meals | 238 | 68.8% | 108 | 31.2% | |
| < 3 meals | 481 | 71.3% | 194 | 28.7% | |
| 3 meals | 737 | 72.1% | 285 | 27.9% | |
| Type of food | 0.023†† | ||||
| Greasy | 759 | 68.8% | 344 | 31.2% | |
| Spicy | 377 | 72.1% | 146 | 27.9% | |
| Chocolate | 215 | 76.5% | 66 | 23.5% | |
| Tomatoes | 105 | 77.2% | 31 | 22.8% | |
| Fibers | 0.000†† | ||||
| No | 261 | 62.6% | 156 | 37.4% | |
| Yes | 1,195 | 73.5% | 431 | 26.5% | |
| Fast food | 0.001†† | ||||
| Yes | 578 | 67.3% | 281 | 32.7% | |
| No | 878 | 74.2% | 306 | 25.8% | |
| Salt or pickles consumption | 0.353 | ||||
| Yes | 966 | 70.6% | 402 | 29.4% | |
| No | 490 | 72.6% | 185 | 27.4% | |
| Analgesics use | 0.000†† | ||||
| Yes | 231 | 61.6% | 144 | 38.4% | |
| No | 1,225 | 73.4% | 443 | 26.6% | |
| Type of analgesics | 0.001†† | ||||
| Others | 36 | 57.1% | 27 | 42.9% | |
| NSAIDs | 190 | 69.1% | 85 | 30.9% | |
| Paracetamol | 738 | 69.6% | 323 | 30.4% | |
| None | 492 | 76.4% | 152 | 23.6% | |
GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ††Statistically significant.