Table 1. Physiological parameters and blood tests.

Parameters	Sham	Control	Control+Ex4	DM	DM+Ex4
Body mass gained (g)*	-	+2.1±23	+11.1±9.9	-27.5±11.5	-18.0±7.5
Gastric pH	4.1±0.5	3.3±1.2	3.3±0.5	3.0±0.9	2.9±0.5
Blood glucose (mg/dl)#	166.2±33.9	153.5±22.5	121.5±12.1	329.6±125.5†	381.0±104.0†
Serum IL-6 (pg/ml)	35.5±11.5	46.2±11.9	-	36.7±13.7	52.6±46
Serum MCP-1 (pg/ml)	70.3±30.7	90.0±59.4	-	138.5±101.8	115.8±82.3

DM: diabetes mellitus; Ex4: exendin-4; IL-6: interleukin-6; MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1;

*Body mass (BM) change = BM at induction of peptic ulcer—BM at sacrifice.

^#Blood glucose levels were measured at the end of experiment (at sacrifice).

^†P< 0.05 compared with control (statistical analysis was performed with sham group). Serum concentrations of IL-6 and MCP-1 were not measured in control+Ex4 group. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. n = 8–9 in control, control+Ex4, DM and DM+Ex4 groups, n = 4 in sham.