Table 1. Cross-sectional relationship between serum HMGB1 and various histological features in adults and children with NAFLD.
| Histological feature | PIVENS (N = 207) | P* | TONIC (N = 109) | P* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Mean ± SD (ng/mL) | No. | Mean ± SD (ng/mL) | |||
| Fibrosis stage: | 0.48 | 0.31 | ||||
| None | 69 | 1.2 ± 1.8 | 38 | 1.4 ± 2.1 | ||
| Mild | 65 | 2.0 ± 2.8 | 35 | 2.0 ± 3.6 | ||
| Moderate | 37 | 1.5 ± 1.9 | 17 | 0.8 ± 1.7 | ||
| Bridging | 27 | 1.9 ± 2.5 | 17 | 0.9 ± 1.3 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 9 | 2.1 ± 2.6 | 0 | -- | ||
| Steatosis grade: | 0.97 | 0.28 | ||||
| ≤ 33% | 12 | 1.7 ± 2.4 | 50 | 1.1 ± 1.7 | ||
| 34–66% | 52 | 1.6 ± 2.1 | 26 | 1.5 ± 2.3 | ||
| > 66% | 26 | 1.4 ± 2.1 | 31 | 1.9 ± 3.7 | ||
| Lobular inflammation: | 0.94 | 0.29 | ||||
| < 2 foci | 16 | 1.6 ± 2.3 | 70 | 1.5 ± 2.9 | ||
| ≥ 2 foci | 45 | 1.8 ± 2.4 | 37 | 1.3 ± 1.8 | ||
| Hepatocellular ballooning: | 0.94 | 0.40 | ||||
| None | 93 | 1.7 ± 2.6 | 61 | 1.6 ± 2.9 | ||
| Few | 47 | 1.3 ± 2.0 | 29 | 1.8 ± 2.4 | ||
| Many | 65 | 1.7 ± 2.1 | 17 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | ||
| Portal inflammation: | 0.49 | 0.74 | ||||
| None | 28 | 1.6 ± 2.3 | 17 | 1.0 ± 1.7 | ||
| Few | 14 | 1.6 ± 2.3 | 76 | 1.5 ± 2.8 | ||
| Many | 37 | 1.9 ± 2.3 | 14 | 1.4 ± 2.2 | ||
| Steatohepatitis diagnosis: | 0.87 | 0.87 | ||||
| None | 73 | 1.7 ± 2.6 | 46 | 1.1 ± 1.7 | ||
| Borderline suspicious zone 3 | 45 | 1.5 ± 2.3 | 20 | 1.9 ± 2.4 | ||
| Borderline, suspicious zone 1 | 0 | -- | 10 | 3.5 ± 5.9 | ||
| Definite | 87 | 1.7 ± 2.1 | 31 | 1.0 ± 1.6 | ||
* HMGB1 levels assayed from the PIVENS and TONIC participants’ serum collected at 96 weeks.
P values (2-sided) for the association of histological feature and HMGB1 were derived from linear regression of the rank of the HMGB1 value on the histological feature.