Table 2. Difference between different age groups in the results of pH, MII, endoscopy.
| Group 1 (n = 59) |
Group 2 (n = 77) |
Group 3 (n = 82) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of children with GERD determined by pH, n (%) | 8 (13.6%) | 26 (33.8%) | 42 (51.2%) | <0.001** |
| Number of children with GERD determined by MII, n (%) | 33 (55.9%) | 19 (24.7%) | 26 (31.7%) | <0.001+ |
| Number of children with GERD determined by pH-MII, n (%) | 35 (59.3%) | 38 (49.4%) | 55 (67.1%) | 0.076 |
| pH-metry | ||||
| Reflux episodes, mean (range) | 16.3 (0–60) | 30.9 (1–102) | 52.4 (0–710) | <0.001* |
| Reflux index, %, mean (range) | 4.6 (0–52.6) | 9.2 (0–68.7) | 15.9 (0.1–85.7) | <0.001* |
| DeMeester composite reflux score, mean (range) | 15.8 (0.8–163.5) | 30.5 (0.9–188.1) | 51.4 (1.2–239.6) | <0.001* |
| Boix-Ochoa composite reflux score, mean (range) | 15.3 (1–141.6) | 29.1 (1.1–159.9) | 46.8 (1.6–213.9) | <0.001* |
| Multiple intraluminal impedance | ||||
| Number of total reflux episodes, mean (range) | 56.3 (1–125) | 63.2 (5–197) | 85.9 (12–246) | <0.001* |
| Number of acidic reflux episodes, mean (range) | 24.2 (0–83) | 46.4 (1–192) | 69.4 (7–242) | <0.001** |
| Number of weakly acidic reflux episodes, mean (range) | 30.9 (1–78) | 16.3 (1–67) | 15.5 (0–92) | <0.001+ |
| Number of non-acidic reflux episodes, mean (range) | 0.8 (0–12) | 0.5 (0–8) | 0.5 (0–16) | 0.651 |
| Bolus elimination time, s, mean (range) | 2.2 (0–9) | 3.2 (0.4–13.2) | 5.1 (0.3–39.2) | <0.001* |
| % of proximal reflux episodes | 57.3 (0–91.7) | 47 (0–87.8) | 52.3 (5.2–98) | 0.020# |
| Number of children with symptoms recorded during impedance, n (%) |
52 (88.1%) | 53 (68.8%) | 56 (68.3) | 0.014+ |
| SI %, mean (range) | 42.5 (0–100) | 38.2 (0–100) | 46.4 (0–100) | 0.340 |
| SSI %, mean (range) | 16.8 (0–68) | 12.4 (0–80) | 12.1 (0–85) | 0.303 |
| SAP %, mean (range) | 69.7 (0–100) | 61.6 (0–100) | 65.1 (0–100) | 0.604 |
| Number of children with esophagitis/number of children in whom endoscopy was performed |
3/19 | 7/44 | 21/56 | 0.027& |
| Proton pump inhibitor use after pH-MII (%) | 9 (15.3%) | 30 (39%) | 44 (53.7%) | <0.001+ |
*Significant for group 1 vs. group 3 and group 2 vs. group 3.
**Significant for group 1 vs. group 2 and group 1 vs. group 3 and group 2 vs. group 3.
+Significant for group 1 vs. group 2 and group 1 vs. group 3.
#Significant for group 1 vs. group 2.
&Significant for group 2 vs. group 3.
SI- symptom index; SSI- symptom sensitivity index; SAP- symptom association probability.