Fig 4. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of transfer learning with random forest based on VGG-19 structure (VGG19-TL-RF), transfer learning with random forest based on VGG-19 structure (VGG19-TL-SVM), and VGG-19, and AlexNet in predicting normal retina or retinal disease status using fundus photographs.

We divided all data set (10,000 images) into training dataset (70%) and test dataset (30%). Retinal disease status includes diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusion, hypertensive retinopathy, Coat’s disease, and retinitis.