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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodol. 2016 Dec 26;17(3-4):175–197. doi: 10.1007/s10742-016-0168-2

Table 3.

Distribution of baseline covariates among those who do own a dog vs. do not own a dog

Own a dog
Mean (SD) or %
n=2,306
Do not own a dog
Mean (SD) or %
n=6,220
ASB p-value
Age 38.9 (8.05) 36.51 (8.34) 0.29 <0.001
Male 37.3 % 37.8 % 0.01 0.660
Race <0.001
  Latino 12.7 % 36.6 % 0.72 <0.001
  Pacific Islander 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.01
  American Indian or Alaska Native 1.5 % 1.4 % 0.01
  Asian 3.2 % 11.8 % 0.49
  African American 3.2 % 6.7 % 0.20
  White 76.6 % 40.8 % 0.85
  Other 2.5 % 2.4 % 0.01
Household size 4.21 (1.26) 4.28 (1.38) 0.05 0.025
Married 78.9 % 72.3 % 0.15 <0.001
On TANF 2.9 % 5.6 % 0.13 <0.001
Household annual income 11.03 (1.03) 10.52 (1.39) 0.38 <0.001
Works full time 64 % 61.6 % 0.05 0.042
Spouse works full time 57.1 % 49.2 % 0.16 <0.001
Lives in a house 89.5 % 64.4 % 0.55 <0.001
Rural/Urban 2.34 (1.08) 2 (1.07) 0.32 <0.001

Note: Rural/Urban: 1= urban; 2= 2nd city; 3 = suburban; 4 = town and rural i.e. higher is “more rural”,

ASB = absolute standardized bias