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. 2017 Aug 10;8(45):78660–78676. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.20205

Figure 4. Effects of AG on FN and SphK-S1P signaling pathway in STZ-induced diabetic mice kidney.

Figure 4

The pathological analysis of glomerular was performed using PAS staining (A). Original magnification, ×400. Mesangial matrix index was defined as the PAS-positive area (B). FN and SphK1 were evaluated by western blotting (C). The densitometry analysis demonstrated that renal protein levels of FN and SphK1 were increased in untreated diabetic mice and reduced by AG treatment (D). Kidney lysates were subjected to SphK activity assay (E), and Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) quantification (F) using LC-MS/MS. Immunostaining showed SphK1 (dark brown) expression in glomeruli was increased at 16 weeks after STZ induction and was returned to normal levels by AG treatment (G). The staining of SphK1 was quantified (H). *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. CON, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. STZ.