Table 3. Incidence rates, hazard ratios, and confidence intervals of dementia for migraine patients with and without TCM use, stratified by sex, age, and comorbidity.
| Variables | TCM | Crude HR | Adjusted HR | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||||||
| (n = 1402) | (n = 1402) | |||||||
| Event | Person- years | IR† | Event | Person-years | IR† | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |
| Total | 66 | 7797 | 8.46 | 68 | 9820 | 6.92 | 0.84 (0.60–1.19) | 0.65 (0.46–0.92)* |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 36 | 3963 | 9.08 | 31 | 4785 | 6.48 | 0.72 (0.45–1.17) | 0.48 (0.29–0.81)** |
| Male | 30 | 3834 | 7.83 | 37 | 5035 | 7.35 | 1 (0.62–1.63) | 0.8 (0.49–1.31) |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 20–29 | 0 | 939 | 0.00 | 0 | 1205 | 0.00 | - | - |
| 30–39 | 0 | 1450 | 0.00 | 0 | 1671 | 0.00 | - | - |
| 40–49 | 2 | 1845 | 1.08 | 1 | 2189 | 0.46 | 0.32 (0.03–3.58) | 0.19 (0.01–3.95) |
| 50–59 | 3 | 1558 | 1.93 | 3 | 1808 | 1.66 | 0.9 (0.18–4.45) | 0.79 (0.15–4.17) |
| 60–69 | 15 | 1024 | 14.65 | 16 | 1379 | 11.60 | 0.82 (0.4–1.66) | 0.86 (0.42–1.77) |
| 70–79 | 35 | 845 | 41.44 | 34 | 1311 | 25.93 | 0.64 (0.4–1.04) | 0.6 (0.37–0.99)* |
| ≥ 80 | 11 | 137 | 80.43 | 14 | 257 | 54.40 | 0.76 (0.34–1.68) | 0.49 (0.21–1.15) |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||
| No | 40 | 6865 | 5.83 | 46 | 8143 | 5.65 | 0.99 (0.65–1.51) | 0.8 (0.51–1.24) |
| Yes | 26 | 932 | 27.90 | 22 | 1677 | 13.12 | 0.51 (0.29–0.9)* | 0.39 (0.21–0.71)** |
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No | 12 | 5074 | 2.36 | 23 | 6263 | 3.67 | 1.57 (0.78–3.17) | 1.02 (0.49–2.14) |
| Yes | 54 | 2723 | 19.83 | 45 | 3557 | 12.65 | 0.67 (0.45–0.99)* | 0.54 (0.36–0.82)** |
| Coronary artery disease | ||||||||
| No | 42 | 6757 | 6.22 | 41 | 8228 | 4.98 | 0.82 (0.53–1.27) | 0.61 (0.39–0.95)* |
| Yes | 24 | 1041 | 23.06 | 27 | 1592 | 16.96 | 0.77 (0.44–1.33) | 0.7 (0.39–1.26) |
| Head injury | ||||||||
| No | 62 | 7521 | 8.24 | 65 | 9317 | 6.98 | 0.87 (0.61–1.24) | 0.65 (0.46–0.94)* |
| Yes | 4 | 276 | 14.48 | 3 | 503 | 5.97 | 0.47 (0.11–2.11) | 0.3 (0.05–1.85) |
| Depression | ||||||||
| No | 60 | 7345 | 8.17 | 51 | 9115 | 5.60 | 0.7 (0.48–1.02) | 0.59 (0.4–0.86)** |
| Yes | 6 | 452 | 13.27 | 17 | 705 | 24.12 | 1.92 (0.76–4.86) | 1.17 (0.41–3.35) |
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||||
| No | 46 | 6244 | 7.37 | 37 | 7239 | 5.11 | 0.72 (0.46–1.11) | 0.55 (0.35–0.86)** |
| Yes | 20 | 1553 | 12.88 | 31 | 2581 | 12.01 | 0.95 (0.54–1.68) | 0.78 (0.43–1.41) |
| Stroke | ||||||||
| No | 34 | 6493 | 5.24 | 34 | 7892 | 4.31 | 0.84 (0.52–1.36) | 0.61 (0.37–1.01) |
| Yes | 32 | 1304 | 24.53 | 34 | 1928 | 17.64 | 0.75 (0.46–1.22) | 0.66 (0.4–1.1) |
| Mental disorders | ||||||||
| No | 66 | 7792 | 8.47 | 68 | 9816 | 6.93 | 0.84 (0.6–1.19) | 0.64 (0.45–0.91)* |
| Yes | 0 | 5 | 0.00 | 0 | 4 | 0.00 | - | - |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||||||
| No | 65 | 7689 | 8.45 | 63 | 9585 | 6.57 | 0.8 (0.57–1.13) | 0.62 (0.44–0.89)** |
| Yes | 1 | 108 | 9.26 | 5 | 235 | 21.28 | 2.47 (0.29–21.23) | 2.53 (0.06–115.1) |
| Renal dialysis | ||||||||
| No | 66 | 7796 | 8.47 | 68 | 9812 | 6.93 | 0.84 (0.6–1.19) | 0.64 (0.45–0.91)* |
| Yes | 0 | 1 | 0.00 | 0 | 8 | 0.00 | - | - |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IR, incidence rates, per 1,000 person-years; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.
Adjusted HR† represents adjusted hazard ratio; mutually adjusted for TCM, age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, head injury, depression, hyperlipidemia, stroke, mental disorders, chronic kidney disease, and renal dialysis in the Cox proportional hazards regression.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.